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This literature review consists of the study and theory of constructivism which has been studied extensively by various authors, students and experts. It's focus is on designing a new model of constructivism which introduces constructivism and constructivism principles to e-learning. This review includes a variety of articles which highlight the meaning and importance of constructivism.
E-Learning and Constructivism: From theory to application by Koohang, A., Riley, L., Smith, T. & Schreurs, J. (2009) is a prime example of a well written article that fully explores constructivism in depth. This article centers on a model who's aim is to assist e-learning by focusing on two categories assessment elements and learning design elements. The theory of constructivism comes into play with this model as its applied to realistic situations. The model is studied and placed in an e-learning environment and demonstrates its effect as the article explores the history of constructivism.
Open Source: A metaphor for E-Learning by Alex Koohang University of Wisconsin, Volume 8, 2005 explores and explains what an open source means and how it effects e-learning. Open source proves here to be an important part of e-learning as this article explains how it's incorporated into e-learning. The three main topics touched on are instructional practices, instructional philosophy and instructional platforms. This article encourages the use of open source in e-learning for scholars and educational figures.
Constructivism vs objectivism: Where is the difference for designers of e-learning environments? 2003 aims to display the studies of different forms of learning and how they are used online in e-learning environments. The education system is dissected and exposed as one learns of how higher education systems impose restrictions on their scholars which as a result restricts their ability to learn and also reduces their quality of work.
Pedagogical quality in e-learning 2005, Peer Review comes from a theoretical point of view as it discusses the designing of an e-learning system. It aims to create a functional system from the pedagogical point of view for a change. This theoretical approach bands together the factors of design and evaluation through the three frameworks activity theory, cognitivism and radical constructivism.
Constructivism: Theory, perspectives and practice by Catherine Twomey Fosnot begins with the introduction of theories of behaviourism, constructivism and maturationism explaining how each can be a contributing factor in e-learning. Important aspects of the biological structure and evolutionary system are detailed and explored as they are involved in the theory and practice of constructivism. Constructivism learning approaches have been explained within the structure of this article.
Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Constructivism or Behaviourism? Faris Algahtani discussed an important topic in e-learning involving students with intellectual disabilities and aims to create better teaching and learning strategies that would be suitable for those suffering from any intellectual disabilities. The debate between behaviourism and constructivism is a long one which is also explored in further detail as Algahtani explains how each is applied to those with such problems.
A Model of E-Learning by Constructivism Approach Using Problem-Based Learning to Develop Thinking Skills for Students in Rajabhat University,, 2014, Rajabhat University have conducted an extensive study on their students over the period of three consecutive academic years. The aim was to improve the students' thinking abilities through problem-based learning. The research shown has been divided into three phases. Phase 1 explores the characteristics of developing thinking skills, phase 2 thinking skills were developed by means of a model and phase 3 showed the appliance of the model to improve the students thinking skills. In the end of the study it was shown to be effective as students had evidently developed their thinking skills.
Promoting Effective E-Learning Practices through the Constructivist Pedagogy by Keengwe, Jared; Onchwari, Grace; Agamba, Joachim, Dec 2014, explores how technology has been developed hugely to the point that it can now be a useful contributing factor in e-learning. The connections between technology and learning/activities for students is further explained as is the theory of constructivism and its principles.
Conclusion: To conclude, constructivism along with its theories and principles are a very important part of e-learning and the education system itself. As seen in the articles above constructivism improves learning for students and scholars alike. It evidently can be used to hopefully create new methods and applications of learning that aid those who struggle with intellectual disabilities. E-learning and constructivism should be discussed more as it's an improvement to the education system and helps students receive a better quality of learning.
Citations:
Koohang, A., Riley, L., Smith, T. & Schreurs, J. (2009). E-Learning and Constructivism: From Theory to Application. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 5(1), 91-109. Informing Science Institute. Retrieved February 10, 2019
Informing Science Journal, Volume 8, 2005, Open Source: A Metaphor for E-Learning, Alex Koohang University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA Keith Harman Northcentral University Prescott, Arizona, USA
Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies, 9-11 July 2003, Publisher: IEEE
E-learning and Education, 2005, Peer Review, Humanities, Journal article
Second edition, editor Catherine Twomey Fosnot, publisher: Teacher's College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University New York and London
Faris Algahtani. "Teaching students with intellectual disabilities: Constructivism or behaviorism?." Educational Research and Reviews 12, no. 21 (2017): 1031-1035.
- Published: 10 November 2017
Keengwe, Jared; Onchwari, Grace; Agamba, Joachim
Education and Information Technologies, v19 n4 p887-898 Dec 2014
